UNIT 8 YESTERYEARS AND NOW ഇന്നലെ , ഇന്ന്

 You've read the history of the school, prepared by Sonu.

? What all incidents have been mentioned in the school history written by Sonu ?

School started , simple building , village teachers , long travel , government takover, new buildings, bridge, shift system.

? In which year was the school established ? 

 1954 

? How was the first building built ?

  With coconut leaves and areca palm wood 

? Who were the first teachers ?

  Educated villagers 

? What were the benefits of constructing the bridge across the river ? 

 It helped more students to attend the school 

? What additional information is to be added to complete Sonu's school history ? 

• Further development of the school 
• Current features of the school
• Changes is the locality
• Studying according to the new curriculum 
• ICT
• Art and Physical Education 

? What are  the school changes that have happened to schools nowadays?

• Concrete buildings
• Classrooms with modern facilities 
• Drinking water facilities
• Bio - diversity garden
• Playground
• Computer, Internet 
• Lab 

HISTORY OF MY SCHOOL 

? Observe the changes that have occurred to houses from yesteryears to now.

? Prepare a report about the facilities present in modern homes. 

• Cement wall
• Concrete pillar
• Tiles
• Electricity
• Water pipe 
• TV, Fridge, Fan
• Internet
• Bathroom inside the home 

? What are the differences seen between roads of earlier times and those of today ?

• In earlier times, people used to travel through alleys, the ridges of fields, and the like.
• Bullock carts and horse carts were the vehicles used in those days, and they moved through mud roads.
• Roads have now been widened into four - land six -lane highways 

?Observe the pictures and discuss the different modes of transport used in earlier times. 

• Palanquin - to be carried by people 
• Canoe - moves by rowing 
• Sailboat - moves using the wind 
• Cycle rickshaw - Pedalled by the rickshaw puller

? Observe these pictures and write the name of the vehicles that we use currently. Apart from these , what are the other vehicles that we use now ? Find out and write. 

• Car
• Bus 
• Bike
• Train
• Auto
• Truck
• Ship
• Helicopter

 ? Find out the path of movement and use of the vehicles listed below, and complete the table. 

Number	Vehicle	Where do they move	Use
1	Car	By road	To travel
2	Lorry	By road	To bring cargo/ goods
3	Aeroplane	By  air	To travel
4	Ship	By water	To travel, To bring cargo
5	Bus	By road	To travel
6	Train	Railway track	To travel , To bring goods

  ? Observe the pictures and discuss the changes that have taken place in water transport. 

• Canoes were slow in olden days. With the advent of speed boats, water travel is now faster and safer.
• Wooden rawboats turn into engine boats. 
• Ferries , speed boats and water metros are used today 

? Before the invention of paper people used to write on palm leaves , Copper plates , and stone 

Which are the tools that people used for writing in earlier times ? 

•  Metal stylus 
• Feather pen 

 ? New writing tools 

•  Pencil
• Ink pen
• Ballpoint pen
• Computer
• Tablet
• Smartphone
• Computer stylus 

Observe the pictures. 

? Write the uses of the devices shown above.

•  Hose pipe : For watering plants
• Washing machine : For washing clothes 

? Prepare a table of modern devices that we use in our houses to make our work easier. 

Devices	Use
Fan	To reduce heat by creating airflow
Gas stove	To cook food
Fridge	To preserve food
Mixer grinder	Used to grind , mix and blend food quickly
TV	To get news and Entertainment
Computer	To study and work
Oven	To bake

? Examine the given concept map and fill in the gaps. 

? Make a table of useful devices that you are familiar with. What are the advantages of those devices ? Discuss and write. 

Number	Devices	Advantages
1	Motor pump	Distributes water from one place to another in an easier and faster manner.
2	Smart phone	Talk to family and friends remotely. We can take photos and videos. Helps with maps and directions when we travel.
3	Robot	Doing work themselves.
4	Tracter	A tractor helps farmers plough the soil to grow crops
5	Mixer grinder	A mixer grinder helps us grind , mix, and blend food quickly.

? Workers do different types of jobs in factories. Do you know the different types of works associated with the bus ?

Observe the picture and write.

Different types of works like painting cleaning and greasing are required for the functioning of a bus . Each of these jobs is important . Workers who do these jobs are also important.

? Aren't there more jobs associated with buses ?

Differ Tyre worker, Painter, Cleaner, Conducter.